Abstract
Background: Systemic scleroderma (SSc) has multiple orofacial effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of inflammatory mediators in biofilm samples. It was hypothesized that different expression levels and clinical associations might be drawn. Methods: A total of 39 biofilm samples from group 1 = SSc and group 2 = healthy control were examined for the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-2,-6, and -10; matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9; and surface antigens CD90 and CD34 by quantitative real-time PCR and clinical parameters. Relative quantitative (RQ) gene expression was determined using the ∆∆CT method. Results: The mean bleeding on probing values (p = 0.006), clinical attachment loss (CAL) (p = 0.009), gingival recession (p = 0.020), limited mouth opening (p = 0.001) and cervical tooth defects (p = 0.011) were significantly higher in group 1. RQ expressions of IL-2 and CD34 were significantly lower, IL-6, MMP-9, and CD90 were significantly higher. There was a significant positive correlation of IL-6/MMP-9 and negative correlation of mouth opening/CAL and IL-6/CAL. Conclusion: Different expression levels of IL-2, IL-6, MMP-9, CD34 and CD90 were detected in biofilm samples from patients with SSc compared to control. An immunological correlation to the clinical parameters of mouth opening and CAL was shown; thus, we conclude that SSc might have an impact on periodontal tissues.
Highlights
Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is a complex chronic inflammatory autoimmune multisystem disease characterized by vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs [1]
The extension and degree of SSc is evaluated using the modified Rodnan Skin Score, and the definitive diagnosis will require the fulfilment of the criteria according to the 2013
Periodontitis develops as an immune response to an imbalance of oral bacteria that Periodontitis develops as an immune response to an imbalance of oral bacteria that prevails over a long period of time, which can be influenced by many environmental prevails over a long period of time, which can be influenced by many environmental factors, such as smoking or diabetes, and is characterized by the degradation of periodontal factors, such as smoking or diabetes, and is characterized by the degradation of periodontissue and bone [24,25]
Summary
Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is a complex chronic inflammatory autoimmune multisystem disease characterized by vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs [1].It has been reported that 1 in 10,000 people are affected by SSc worldwide, with a prevalence between 38 and 341 total cases/million individuals [2,3]. Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is a complex chronic inflammatory autoimmune multisystem disease characterized by vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs [1]. The frequency peaks are between 45 and 64 years of age and three times more frequent in females [4]. From the time of diagnosis, the cumulative survival rate is 75% at 5 years, with SSc continuing to have the highest mortality compared to other rheumatic diseases, with heart failure or lethal cardiac arrythmias being the most common causes of death [1,5,6]. The extension and degree of SSc is evaluated using the modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS), and the definitive diagnosis will require the fulfilment of the criteria according to the 2013
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