Abstract
Electrochromic films have been deposited onto glass coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO) and glass with ITO and a thin layer of metallic nickel deposited onto it. Nickel was deposited onto the surface of the ITO coating from nickel electroplating solution. The metallic nickel was deposited onto the surface of ITO at the following parameters – cathodic current density 0.5 A/dn 2 , deposition time 3 s. Such deposition parameters were chosen, because at longer deposition time and (or) higher current density, the deposited layer of metallic nickel became opaque. The two substrates were then used in the deposition of Ni(OH) 2 electrochromic films using the cathodic template synthesis method. As a result, it was revealed that the electrochromic film deposited onto glass with ITO-Ni coating possesses higher specific characteristics than that deposited on bare ITO-coated glass: higher coloration degree and higher oxidation-reduction currents on the cyclic voltamperogram. However, it was also revealed that the film possessing better characteristics, on the contrary, has lower reversibility of the coloration-bleaching process. Based on the obtained data, the mechanism that explains the role of the intermediate metal layer was proposed. The mechanism is that the deposited layer of metallic nickel forms additional contacts between the substrate surface and the electrochromic film. The nickel layer can also assist in securing the electrochromic film, and during film deposition has a positive effect on current distribution. On the other hand, the lower reversibility of the coloration-bleaching process of the film on ITO-Ni coating can be explained by gradual oxidation of metallic nickel in the basic medium. At the same time, it was revealed that deposition of metallic nickel leads to some decrease of the substrate transparency.
Highlights
In the 21st century, the city development is viewed through the design and creation of so-called “smart cities”, in which the entire infrastructure is constituted by “smart devices” and “smart houses” connected to computer networks and Internet
The main problem of this material is low adhesion of Ni(OH)2 film to the transparent conductive substrate and gradual degradation of the film itself [4, 5]. The solution to this problem can be a search of new deposition methods or application of combined or modified materials based on Ni(OH)2 [6], and modification of the material on which electrochrome is to be deposited
The substrates were coated with nickel electrochemically using dull nickel-plating electrolyte
Summary
In the 21st century, the city development is viewed through the design and creation of so-called “smart cities”, in which the entire infrastructure is constituted by “smart devices” and “smart houses” connected to computer networks and Internet. The main purpose of “smart devices” is to optimize time for completion of various tasks, reduce resource consumption and increase comfort [1, 2] One of such devices are smart windows. Nickel hydroxide is one of such materials that possess electrochromic properties and can find application in “smart windows” The advantages of this material are, on the one hand, good specific electrochromic characteristics and, on the other ease and multitude of film deposition techniques and relatively low cost of the resulting film. The main problem of this material is low adhesion of Ni(OH) film to the transparent conductive substrate and gradual degradation of the film itself [4, 5] The solution to this problem can be a search of new deposition methods or application of combined or modified materials based on Ni(OH)2 [6], and modification of the material on which electrochrome is to be deposited
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