Abstract
Background: Nigeria is currently a malaria endemic country with an estimated 76% of her population at risk of contracting malaria [1]. According to a study in Nigeria, the first line of action mothers took when their children under 5 years have malaria showed that over 50% of them used non-prescription drugs they have at home or bought from pharmacy stores. And 60% of the most commonly used drugs for malaria treatment were chloroquine [2]. Many recent studies have demonstrated re-emergence of chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum, suggesting a possible role in future malaria control [3]. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of home-based oral chloroquine treatment among children under 5 years with Plasmodium falciparum malaria attending Jos University Teaching Hospital and OLA Hospital in Jos Metropolis. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 93 malaria and non-malaria children. Malaria diagnosis was carried out using microscopical examination of Leishman’s stained thick and thin blood films, P. falciparum parasitemia was assessed by standard microscopy techniques and complete blood count was done using Beckman Coulter Analyzer. Results: The body temperature on admission was significantly lower (p ˚C ± 0.07˚C) than in the three malaria groups. The mean body temperature of chloroquine treated children with malaria was significantly lower (p Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and degree of anemia in children under 5 years with Plasmodium falciparum in Jos Metropolis.
Highlights
Over the years, malaria has remained one of the leading causes of death in Nigeria [4]
The results obtained in this study demonstrate that there was significant positive impact of chloroquine treatment on Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and degree of anemia in children under 5 years with Plasmodium falciparum in Jos Metropolis
The high body temperature obtained in this study for all the malaria children is in agreement with the reports that malaria is always accompanied with fever [18] [19] [20], and the lower temperature obtained in chloroquine-treated children as compared to the non-treated severe malaria children demonstrate the positive effect of chloroquine within 24 hours of it administration
Summary
Malaria has remained one of the leading causes of death in Nigeria [4]. Home-based oral chloroquine treatment of malaria in children was reported to be the most popular practice among mothers in Nigeria [2]. According to a study in Nigeria, the first line of action mothers took when their children under 5 years have malaria showed that over 50% of them used non-prescription drugs they have at home or bought from pharmacy stores. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of home-based oral chloroquine treatment among children under 5 years with Plasmodium falciparum malaria attending Jos University Teaching Hospital and OLA Hospital in Jos Metropolis. Results: The body temperature on admission was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the control group (36.80 ̊C ± 0.07 ̊C) than in the three malaria groups. Parasitaemia was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the pre admission chloroquine treated group (18.13% ± 0.49%) than in the non-treated simple malaria group (34.35% ± 2.75%) and severe malaria group (43.57% ± 5.49%), respec-
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