Abstract
Global positioning system (GPS) satellites operate at 1.2 and 1.5 GHz. The GPS signals travel through the atmosphere and are affected by space weather in the same way as other technological systems in space and on the ground. Space weather has been defined as the condition where the sun influences solar wind, the magnetosphere, and the ionosphere and thus can upset the performance and reliability of space borne and ground based technological systems. Adverse conditions in the space environment can cause disruption of satellite operations, communications, and navigation. Solar storms can add small delays to the GPS satellite signals and therefore impact accuracy. The purpose of this article is to investigate and to determine the effects of specific solar events on GNSS navigation systems. In parts of the Nordic countries, GPS is available with a precision of 1 centimetre through an auxiliary system of permanent tracking stations called position accuracy on the centimetre level (CPOS). This paper discusses the possible effects of space weather activity and uses these tracked data to investigate the effect of specific solar storms on single point positioning. Comparisons are made between the effects in northern and southern Norway. Santrauka Pasaulinės padėties nustatymo sistemos palydovų signalai transliuojami 1,2 ir 1,5 GHz dažniu. Juos veikia kosmoso oras, kartu daroma įtaka ir kitai techninei sistemai tiek erdvėje, tiek ant žemės paviršiaus. Kosminis oras apibrėžiamas kaip būsena. Jo sąlygos daugiausia priklauso nuo tokių Saulės reiškinių, kaip Saulės vėjas ir Saulės vainiko masės čiurkšlės. Dėl šių priežasčių gali būti sutrikdytas antžeminių technologijų sistemų našumas ir patikimumas. Neigiamos sąlygos kosminėje erdvėje gali sukelti palydovų darbo, ryšių ir navigacijos sutrikimų. Šio straipsnio tikslas – ištirti ir nustatyti charakteringų Saulės audrų poveikį globalinei navigacinei palydovinei sistemai. Kai kuriose Skandinavijos šalyse (Norvegijoje, Danijoje, Suomijoje, Švedijoje) globalinės navigacinės palydovinės sistemos paslaugos suteikia galimybių nustatyti padėtis vieno centimetro tikslumu, taikant pagalbinių nuolatinių stebėjimo stočių tinklus. Šiame straipsnyje aptariama galima kosminio oro sąlygų įtaka antžeminio taško padėties nustatymo tikslumui. Pateikiami tyrimo rezultatai ir lyginimai analizuojant Šiaurės Norvegijos ir Pietų Norvegijos nuolatinių stebėjimo stočių matavimų rezultatus.
Highlights
GNSS is a satellite system that is used to identify the geographic location of a user’s receiver anywhere in the word
The Global positioning system (GPS) signals travel through the atmosphere and are affected by space weather in the same way as other technological systems in space and on the ground
Space weather has been defined as the condition where the sun influences solar wind, the magnetosphere, and the ionosphere and can upset the performance and reliability of space borne and ground based technological systems
Summary
GNSS is a satellite system that is used to identify the geographic location of a user’s receiver anywhere in the word. The radio signals travel a long distance before they reach the GPS device During this stage, it passes through vacuum (in space) and the different layers of the earth’s atmosphere. Since the beginning of global satellite positioning, it has been a challenge to eliminate and correct the error sources that affect positioning accuracy. The goal of this paper is to examine whether the errors in a satellite’s orbital location, due to high solar activity, can affect the accuracy of ground receivers and, if so, how these errors can be controlled. The first sources of errors, ionospheric and tropospheric delays and orbit errors, are affected by levels of solar radiation activity. It is generally assumed that satellites’ orbit errors are eliminated by differencing, in other words by using two or more receivers simultaneously (Būga 1999)
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