Abstract
This study aimed to scrutinize chemical treatment of Mazandaran Wood and Paper mill activated sludge with 3 % acetic acid for the manufacture of environmentally eco-friendly bio composite. In this study, the paper pulp required was obtained from the waste newsprint paper. The activated sludge was treated in a beaker for 3 min in 3 % acetic acid and then in a water bath at 75 and 100 °C for 45 and 90 min. After that, the treated activated sludge was mixed and refi ned with waste newsprint paper pulp at ratios of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 %. The test specimens were prepared according to TAPPI standard and the physical properties (water absorption and porosity) and mechanical (tensile strength, tear strength, ring crush test, burst strength and folding strength) were measured. The results showed that the activated sludge treatment caused the increase in tear strength, ring crush test, burst strength and porosity as well as the decrease in water absorption, tensile strength and folding strength. FT-IR spectrum of the treated samples showed that the treatment with acetic acid strengthened and activated the functional groups on the surface of activated sludge fi bers. The activated sludge added at a level of 5 % at 100 °C for 90 min as well as at a level of 20 % at 75 °C for 45 min was more suitable than other treatments.
Highlights
IntroductionEnvironmental pollution from agricultural and industrial waste is a global concern and safe management of hazardous waste will be one of the greatest challenges facing humanity
The results showed that the activated sludge treatment caused the increase in tear strength, ring crush test, burst strength and porosity as well as the decrease in water absorption, tensile strength and folding strength
The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the physical and mechanical properties of the handsheets from activated sludge treated with acetic acid and untreated at the 5 % level (Table 2)
Summary
Environmental pollution from agricultural and industrial waste is a global concern and safe management of hazardous waste will be one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Solid waste, paper mill sludge, waste from the pulp and paper process or paper recycling due to the large amounts produced leads to a lot of pressure on the environment at the paper mills. The paper mill sludge contains 45-55 % moisture and 20 % solids, which causes problems for transport. The landfill of paper mill waste, in addition to not being economical, causes environmental issues and groundwater pollution. Sludge production (organic and inorganic) in the wood and paper mill of Mazandaran is 1700 tons per month.
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