Abstract
This study investigates the effect of process parameters on neurosurgical bone grinding performance using a miniature surgical diamond wheel. Bone grinding is an important procedure in the expanded endonasal approach for removing the cranial bone and access to the skull base tumor via nasal corridor. Heat and force are generated during the grinding process, which may cause thermal and mechanical damage to the adjacent tissues. This study investigates the effect of grinding process parameters (including the depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed) on the bone grinding performance using temperature and force measurement sensors in order to optimize the grinding process. An orthogonal experimental design with a standard orthogonal array, L9 (33), is selected with each parameter in three levels. The experimental results have been statistically analyzed using the range and variance analysis methods in order to determine the importance order of the process parameters. The results indicate that the effect of the cutting depth on the grinding temperature and normal force is the largest, while the effect of the spindle speed on the tangential force is the largest. A high spindle speed would make the temperature rise to a certain extent; however, it significantly reduces the grinding force. At a certain spindle speed, a lower depth of cut and feed rate help to reduce the grinding temperature and force.
Highlights
The light source and camera enter through one nostril, and the grinding wheel passes through the other nostril, which is used to grind the bone for access to the disease site in the skull base for brain surgery
They were measured under the condition of a cutting depth of 0.4 mm, feed rate of 20 mm/min, and spindle speed of 20,000 rpm
We focused on investigating the influence of different process parameters on the grinding temperature and force in order to optimize the process parameters, so as to minimize thermal and mechanical damage during bone grinding
Summary
The endoscopic endonasal approach, which is a minimally invasive skull base surgery procedure, has been widely applied in order to access the disease sites deep inside the brain. For brain surgery with an endoscopic endonasal approach, surgeons use a miniature ball-shape diamond grinding wheel, as shown, in order to remove the bone, to expose and access the disease site in the skull base [1,2]. It requires extensive grinding of the bone surrounding the optic, cavernous sinus, and branches of the trigeminal nerves, in order to identify and preserve these critical nerves during the resection of a brain tumor [3]
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