Abstract
Obtaining new types of composite coatings for various purposes is the most important direction in chemistry. The synthesis of composite hydroxide-sulfide compounds can be useful in various areas of applied electrochemistry. Using a simple two-step method, thin films composed of nickel hydroxide sulfide-polyvinyl alcohol were formed. The production of nickel hydroxide sulfide-polyvinyl alcohol composite was carried out by holding the nickel hydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coating formed on the glass electrode with an electrically conductive substrate in a solution of 0.03 M Na2S for 10 minutes. The formation of nickel sulfide on the surface of nickel hydroxide was shown indirectly. It was shown that there were no changes in morphology after the treatment of the electrode in sodium sulfide solution. As a result of the treatment, the electrochemical and electrochromic characteristics changed. There was some deterioration in the average coloration depth from 55 % to 49 % for the electrode containing nickel sulfide. The electrochemical characteristics also deteriorated slightly after the formation of the sulfide film, namely, the specific capacitance, which went to the passage of anodic and cathodic processes. However, the capacitance efficiency increased from 83 % to 87 % for the sulfide-treated film. Despite this, this simple method is considered to be potentially promising for the formation of electrodes for use in other electrochemical devices. In addition, due to the treatment in a sodium sulfide solution, it became possible to roughly determine the size of the nickel hydroxide clusters in the nickel hydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coating. These clusters did not exceed 430 nm in size, which was almost equal to the lower limit of the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Highlights
Metal oxides and hydroxides have taken a strong place among the materials used in electronic components [1, 2], solar cells [3], chemical current sources [4, 5], sensors [6], and other devices [7, 8]
The following objectives were set: – to carry out sulfurizing and evaluate changes in morphology and optical properties after the process; – to determine the electrochemical and electrochromic characteristics of sulfurizing deposits of a composite electrochromic coating based on nickel hydroxide (II)
The first feature is that the sulfide-treated electrode had less than 100 % transparency and was first bleached before coloring (Fig. 4, d), which did not occur for the untreated electrode (Fig. 4, b)
Summary
Metal oxides and hydroxides have taken a strong place among the materials used in electronic components [1, 2], solar cells [3], chemical current sources [4, 5], sensors [6], and other devices [7, 8]. Nanostructured oxide and hydroxide materials expand the capabilities of existing systems by improving their performance. Examples of such materials are nickel oxide-hydroxide compounds [9]. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (USA) [16], the use of such windows can reduce the consumption of electricity needed for cooling premises by half, as well as reduce the load on the power grid during peak periods of consumption. The use of such devices, subject to a constant increase in ambient temperatures to save energy, as well as to increase comfort, is an important issue. The development of new materials, treatment methods, and technologies for creating electrochromic devices remains an urgent task of modern applied sciences
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