Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4) have been thoroughly investigated as microwave absorbing material due to its excellent electromagnetic properties (permittivity and permeability) and favorable saturation magnetization. However, large density and impedance mismatch are some of the limiting factors that hinder its microwave absorption performance (MAP). Herein, Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared by facile co-precipitation method have been coated with citric acid and embedded in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). COMSOL Multiphysics based on the finite element method was used to simulate the rectangular waveguide at X-band and Ku-band frequency range in three-dimensional geometry. The citric acid coated Fe3O4/PVDF composite with 40 wt.% filler loading displayed good microwave absorption ability over the studied frequency range (8.2–18 GHz). A minimum reflection loss of −47.3 dB occurs at 17.9 GHz with 2.5 mm absorber thickness. The composite of citric acid coated Fe3O4 and PVDF was thus verified as a potential absorptive material with improved MAP. These enhanced absorption coefficients can be ascribed to favorable impedance match and moderate attenuation.
Highlights
Technological advances and rapid proliferation of wireless gadgets that operate at super high frequency range have led to the continuous rise in electromagnetic (EM) interference with electronic equipment, likewise EM pollution that endangers human health [1]
Kλ β cos θ where D, K, λ, β and θ are the average crystal size, Scherrer constant (0.94), wavelength of the X-ray sources (0.15406 nm), peak width at half the maximum peak, and angle correlated with highest diffraction peak, respectively
COMSOL multiphysics based on finite element method (FEM) was adopted to investigate the microwave absorption performance (MAP) and analyze the electric field (E-Field) distribution
Summary
Technological advances and rapid proliferation of wireless gadgets that operate at super high frequency range have led to the continuous rise in electromagnetic (EM) interference with electronic equipment, likewise EM pollution that endangers human health [1]. The desired features of an efficient microwave absorbing materials (MAM) includes strong absorption, light-weight, wide operating bandwidth, thin thickness, and low cost [5]. Magnetite (Fe3 O4 ), a member of the spinel class of ferrite is endowed with excellent complex permeability and permittivity, which are significant governing parameters in EM wave absorption. It possesses high magnetization saturation (Ms) at ambient temperature, high Curie temperature and low production cost which
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