Investigation of the binding materials properties and assessment of durability issue in Fasil Ghibbi palace in Gondar

Abstract

Abstract Conservation of ancient monuments is a process, which will lead to the prolongation of the life of cultural property for its utilization now and in the future. However, before practicing conservation, one must have a broad understanding of the field itself. This is of course to ensure that any action carried out during the conservation work is properly performed and is in accord, not only with the building requirements, but is within the scope of contemporary knowledge of the subject. Today, these historical structures are in different physical state, some are in relatively good condition, while many are in a deplorable state. The purpose of this research is identifying the method of construction as well recognizing the effect of durability and characterization of the physical and chemical properties of the original binding materials and the newly introduced binding materials used during the restoration of the Royal palace. For this purpose, Mortar samples are taken from Fasil Ghibbi palace, and analyzed in Ethiopian geological survey laboratory using General Silicate Analysis. It includes LIBO2 Fusion, HF Attack, Gravimetric and AAS. The type of binding material used during the construction of the Fasil Ghibbi palace is identified as Lime (CaO) or by its local name Nora. Moreover, the method of construction was by stone masonry, which tells us a unique combination of Portuguese, Axumite and even Indian influences. The major cause of deterioration of the Royal Palace is due to various reasons, some of them are the ettringite and/or thaumasite production because of the reaction between sulfate salts and hydrated calcium silicates or aluminates that are present in lime based mortars. Royal Palace is also located on the center of the city; vibration that is prompt by the nearby traffic load is the main reason for tilting of the structural wall. Lack of periodic maintenance; results aging of the palace, unchecked growth of trees, grass, algae & mechanical.