Investigation of the annealing effects on the structural and optoelectronic properties of RF-sputtered ZnO films studied by the Drude–Lorentz model

Abstract

Zinc oxide films were deposited on glass substrates by RF reactive magnetron sputtering and post-annealed in vacuum at 100, 200, and 300 oC. Structural and optical properties of films were obtained using X-ray diffraction and UV–visible spectroscopy. Optical parameters were extracted from transmittance curves using the single-oscillator Drude–Lorentz model. The evolution of the optical and structural properties of films with the annealing process was investigated. The films crystallized into the hexagonal wurzite lattice structure, with preferential growth along the c-axis [0002]. The results indicate that the crystalline quality of films improved with annealing, whereas transparency was reduced from 90 to 80 % at 300 oC. With post-annealing, the absorption edge shifted to the red, while the optical band gap decreased from \({E}_{{\text {g}}}=3.28\) to \({E}_{{\text {g}}}=3.26\) eV because of the Burstein–Moss effect. Calculated values of plasma frequency, \(w_{{\text {p}}},\) fall within the IR range and decrease with temperature, from \(w_{{\text {p}}} =5.56 \times 10^{14}\) rad/s (\(2950\,{\text {cm}}^{-1}\)) to \(w_{{\text {p}}}=1.1 \times 10^{14}\) rad/s (\(587\,{\text{cm}}^{-1}\)).