Abstract
This work aimed to comprehensively assess the influence of various surface modifications on the formation of apatite ability for EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Sandblasting (S), acid-etching (E), sandblasting and acid-etching (SE), anodization (NA), micro-arc oxidations in 1 M H2SO4 solution (SM) and 1 M H3PO4 solution (PM) methods were applied to modify electron beam melted (EBM) Ti-6Al-4V surface. The α/α’-Ti structures and TiO2 phases were detected by XRD. The surface roughness (Ra) values ranged from 0.25 μm and 2.86 μm. The wettability of samples was between around 25° and 104° The SM sample possessed the lowest contact angle. In vitro tests were employed in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 28 days. The samples with different surface textures demonstrated bioactive behaviors. In vitro test results showed that apatite layers formed on the surfaces. The SM sample exhibited good apatite formation ability when the Ca/P ratios were considered. The apatite formation for the SM sample might derive from high roughness, low contact angle value, the existence of Ti-OH groups, and anatase and rutile phases. The SM can be implemented to boost bioactivity on EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloys.
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