Abstract
Photonic crystal fibre (PCF)–fibre bragg grating (FBG) integration opens up new possibilities in multi-parameter fibre-optic sensing, owing to their active control over light characteristics and mode confinements. Their integration results in a mismatch in their mode field diameters (MFDs), which in turn causes various types of losses such as confinement loss, scattering loss, etc. This paper primarily investigates the effect of geometrical parameters on fibre parameters such as confinement loss and MFD, which plays a significant role in long distance fibre-optic remote sensing. Liquid crystal PCFs (LCPCFs) are utilized in the sensor configuration, exploiting their optical properties for photonic bandgap based tighter mode confinements and wavelength tunability. Furthermore, the LCPCF–FBG combo enables multi-parameter fibre-optic sensing which can be effectively utilized in oil and gas sensing applications. Theoretical study conducted on the fibre sensor revealed that confinement loss and MFD can be reduced by properly optimizing their structural parameters.
Highlights
Sensing is always a challenging, but indispensable task in the oil and gas sector
Photonic crystal fibre (PCF)–fibre bragg grating (FBG) integration opens up new possibilities in multi-parameter fibre-optic sensing, owing to their active control over light characteristics and mode confinements
This paper primarily investigates the effect of geometrical parameters on fibre parameters such as confinement loss and mode field diameters (MFDs), which plays a significant role in long distance fibre-optic remote sensing
Summary
Oil and gas exploration and production has been moving into deeper and deeper zones in order to meet the growing demand This results in harsh operating conditions, which is reflected by critical parameters like temperature, pressure, strain, etc. Reliable sensors which are able to continuously and accurately report current down-hole conditions has become very important in managing oil and gas reservoirs and wells (Algeroy et al 2010) To support this need, multi-point distributed and multimodal simultaneous measurements will be required for drilling and oil and gas production monitoring. Optical fibre sensing technology have many advantages such as electrical isolation, immunity from electromagnetic interference (EMI), freedom from corrosion and ability to operate in harsh conditions (Lee 2003) They offer the possibility of sensing different parameters at remote locations (Gholamzadeh and Nabovati 2008). Analyzing effective area and MFD gives a better insight of leakage loss, macro-bending loss and numerical aperture of the fibre sensor
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