Abstract
Streptomyces scabies is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes common scab disease to several crops, particularly in the potato. It is a soil borne pathogen, a very devastating scab pathogen and difficult to manage in the field. Streptomyces has several species that cause common scab such as S. scabiei, S. acidiscabies, S. europaeiscabiei, S. luridiscabiei, S. niveiscabiei, S. puniciscabiei, S. reticuliscabiei, S. stelliscabiei, S. turgidiscabies, S. ipomoeae. Common scab disease harmfully affects potato economic and market value due to the presence of black spots on the tuber. Owing to its genetic diversity and pathogenicity, the determination of pathogen presence in potato fields is still challenging. In this study, S. scabies genetic diversity was measured by surveying five potato-growing areas of Pakistan during the growing season 2019. A total of 50 Streptomyces isolates, including S. scabies, S. acidiscabies, S. griseoflavus were isolated and identified based on morphologic, biochemical and molecular analysis. Virulent confirmation assays confirmed ten virulent strains of Streptomyces spp. On the potato cultivars Cardinal and Santee. Among the Streptomyces species, S. scabies showed the highest scab index, followed by S. acidiscabies and S. griseoflavus by exhibiting the scab-like lesions on potato tubers. Ten potato cultivars were screened against these virulent isolates of Streptomyces. The Faisalabad white variety showed the highest scab index followed By Cardinal, Tourag, Kuroda, Santee, Lady Rosetta, Asterix, Diamant, Faisalabad red and Sadaf. Moreover, genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Streptomyces spp. on potato tubers were also likely diverse in different geographical regions and also potato cultivars. This study represents a contribution to understanding the local interaction between potatoes and Streptomyces spp. in Pakistan. It will aid in supporting a solution for the management of this pathogen around the world.
Highlights
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is designated as the sixth most imperative commodity in agriculture worldwide after sugarcane, wheat, rice, maize and cereals
Various disease parameters such as disease percent incidence and percent scab index were measured during the survey
The conclusion of the current study is, several species of Streptomyces, which includes S. scabiei, S. acidiscabies, S. europaeiscabiei, S. luridiscabiei, S. niveiscabiei, S. puniciscabiei, S. reticuliscabiei, S. stelliscabiei, S. turgidiscabies, S. ipomoeae were associated with various potato germplasms and efficiently isolated from infected potato tubers
Summary
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is designated as the sixth most imperative commodity in agriculture worldwide after sugarcane, wheat, rice, maize and cereals. In Pakistan, the potato is cultivated over an area of 0.15 million hectares, with an annual production of 2.9 million tons [2]. The potato is grown in three seasons; spring, summer and autumn are ranging from plain to hilly agro-economical areas in Pakistan [3]. The potato is the main staple food of many countries, which comprises many nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fiber contents and energy [4]. China is the largest potato producing country with 99.5 million tons production per year with a production share of 25.02%, followed by other countries such as Russia, India and the United States [5]
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