Investigation of spark plasma sintered oxide-dispersion strengthened steels by means of small-angle neutron scattering

Abstract

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is an advanced consolidation technique, which particularly allows coarsening of the microstructure to be limited. The basis for the characteristics of the strengthening nanofeatures is already set in the milling process preceding SPS. The present study is focused on the dependence of the size distribution and nature of the nanofeatures in an ODS Fe-14Cr-1W-0.4Ti alloy as a function of the applied milling parameters and amount of added Y2O3 while keeping the SPS parameters constant. Statistically reliable averages of the particle characteristics representative of a macroscopic sample volume have been obtained by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The measured magnetic-to-nuclear scattering ratios have been critically compared to values calculated on the basis of structures and compositions reported in the literature. Milling parameters suitable to completely transform the added Y2O3 into Ti-containing nm-sized oxide particles have been identified. Two size ranges of particles have been analyzed separately: 0.5–3 nm and 3–15 nm (radius). The former size range is dominant in all ODS samples, the magnetic-to-nuclear scattering ratio indicates these particles to be predominantly Y2TiO5 and/or Y2Ti2O7.