Abstract
ABSTRACTOne of the most important concerns of railway industries is the loss of overall stability and permanent settlements of railway embankments (overlaid on liquefiable foundations) during earthquake. The effectiveness of sand columns in the improvement of stability and strength of the embankments was studied in this research. The embankments behavior during earthquakes in different heights, various sand columns area replacement ratios (Arr), various foundation permeability and different earthquake peak ground acceleration (PGA) were investigated in parametric analyses of a numerical model developed and validated here. The applicability and effectiveness of the obtained results in practice were illustrated.
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