Investigation of risks for Critical Infrastructures due to the exposure of SCADA systems and industrial controls on the Internet based on the search engine Shodan

Abstract

Industrial Control Systems occur in automation processes and process control procedures within Critical Infrastructures (CI) - these are institutions with important significance for the common good of the state and thus for the maintenance of a society. Failures or disturbances in industrial plants can have serious physical consequences, such as power outages or interruptions in production. Energy suppliers, in particular, are an attractive target for cyber attacks due to their interdependencies with other infrastructures. A large number of SCADA systems and Industrial Control Systems are directly connected to the Internet and inadequately secured from an information technology perspective, this represents a considerable risk for IT security and, consequently, for the availability of Critical Infrastructures. The Shodan search engine reveals a worrying extent of exposed industrial control equipment on the Internet. The collected information and metadata about Industrial Control Systems from this search are freely available online. They can serve as a basis for potential attacks. Without authentication mechanisms, anyone can connect to open ports using industrial and remote maintenance protocols. The resulting risks and consequences for the companies, operators as well as for the society due the exposure of industrial plants and Critical Infrastructures are examined based on the Shodan search engine within the scope of this work.