Investigation of resistance of Salmonella spp. isolated from products and raw material of animal origin (swine and poultry)to antibiotics and disinfectants

Mônica Jachetti Maciel,Gustavo Machado,Cesar Augusto Marchionatti Avancini

doi:10.1590/s1519-9940200162019

Abstract

ABSTRACT The genus Salmonella spp. Has worldwide geographical distribution, and represents a potential risk both to animal and human health. Inadequate use as well as continuous exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants might lead to the appearance of resistance of these microorganisms to antimicrobial compounds. The aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of resistance in Salmonella spp., isolated from products and raw material of animal origin (swine and poultry), to antibiotics and disinfectants, and check whether the phenomenon of simultaneous resistance to disinfectants occurs among the antibiotic-resistant isolates. The test of susceptibility to antimicrobials (TSA) applied in 134 isolates indicated that 51 (38%) were resistant to at least one of the eight antibiotics used, and 28 (55%) of resistant isolates were multi-resistant. Resistant isolates were submitted to the test of quantitative suspension against four concentrations of disinfectants in three contact times, and the result was compared with that of the reference strain (Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 10.708). While the reference strain was sensitive considering the highest concentration (200 ppm) and the lowest contact time (5 min) as indicators, 12 (24%) isolates were resistant to cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (ammonia quaternary); the reference strain was resistant to chlorhexidine, which also occurred with 22 (43%) of the isolates; similar to the reference strain, all isolates were sensitive/inactivated by sodium hypochlorite and iodophore. There were no significant relations of simultaneous resistance between the antibiotics and the disinfectants tested.

Highlights

Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are widely distributed in Nature and might infect both birds and mammals, either wild or livestock, generally by fecaloral contamination, causing enteric, respiratory, and sepsis problems
Even though it has a more active epidemiological notification than in Brazil, the United States has had a high frequency in the incidence of foodborne diseases (FBD), with an estimated 40,000 salmonellosis cases annually, of which 90% are foodborne, leading to five hundred deaths (SHINOHARA et al, 2008; MADIGAN et al, 2011; CDC, 2016)
The wide use of antibiotics has increased the risk of developing resistance, which is a major concern as the classes of antibiotics for animals are the same used in humans (WHO, 2007; World Health Organization (WHO), 2012)

Summary

Introduction

Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are widely distributed in Nature and might infect both birds and mammals, either wild or livestock, generally by fecaloral contamination, causing enteric, respiratory, and sepsis problems. They cause losses with reduced performance, increased mortality, and increased costs with animal medications, which renders them both a sanitary and human health issue (MACHADO et al, 2016). Salmonellosis is considered a zoonotic infection, where the transmission to humans generally occurs through the consumption of contaminated water or food of animal or plant origin. When salmonellosis attacks human beings it increases the permanence time of patients in the hospital environment, with risks of increasing the mortality of the individuals involved

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