Abstract
Zinc ion batteries are promising battery energy storage systems due to their high capacity, abundancy and low cost, but are held back by competing reactions, passivation, and dendrite formation which all greatly reduce performance. We modify zinc anode by introducing a self-reducing graphene oxide coating. This protects against dendrite formation and reduces side reactions, increasing the performance of the cell. Half-cell experiments are performed to determine whether sodium sulphate, sodium acetate, or a combination of the provides any advantage over the other, as well as to determine the effect the pattern of the reduced graphene oxide coating on performance. Additionally, symmetric zinc coin cells are assembled, and studied by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles, and chronopotentiometry. The effect of the reduced graphene oxide coating, electrolyte composition, choice of separator (paper/glass) on the cycling stability and over potential of zinc deposition is studied. The partially covered (island) zinc anode greatly reduces the nucleation overpotential to 8.75 mV when assembled in a symmetric coin cell. Excellent cycling stability is observed at a current density of 5 mA cm-2 charged to 5 mAh cm-2 when using a combination background electrolyte of sodium sulphate and sodium acetate using a glass fibre separator.
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