Investigation of Pulse Rate and ABPI (Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index) in Relax Condition and after Exercise

Abstract

Earth gravitational field influences physiological systems such as the cardiovascular and circulatory systems. Therefore changing the body position (standing, sitting, or supine) affects blood pressure. In addition to pressure, pumping blood throughout the body is also affected by the contraction of the hearts ventricles. The number of heartbeat per minute (pulse rate) for each person varies and is affected by physical activity. In this work, blood pressure and pulse rate for subjects in relax condition when supine, sitting, and standing positions are read using a set of digital sphygmomanometer OMRON type JPN-1. Blood pressure and pulse rate for subject after exercise are read in sitting position. From 14 subjects of this work, it was obtained that the blood pressure in brachial is lower than ankle in supine, sitting, and standing positions. The fluctuation range of ankle is about 7,4% - 67,33% which much higher than that in brachial about 0,7% - 14,89%. Furthermore, the difference magnitude value between brachial and ankle in sitting and standing positions is higher than in supine position. The ratio of the systolic blood pressure at the ankle to the systolic pressure at brachial is calculated for the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI). It was obtained that in relax condition the ABPI value of all subjects was relatively normal, meanwhile the results on post-exercise indicated that 2 smoker subjects were in risky condition of PAD. The human circulatory system in the arteries is analysed using the Bernoulli equation to estimate the mass density of the blood from the slope of a blood pressure to altitude curve. The blood density of 2 subjects is higher than the reference normal density (1060 kg/m3) and the other 12 subjects have lower value.