Abstract
The paper presents the preparation and use of pressed solid biofuel of multi-crop plants (fibrous hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.)) as mono, binary and trinomial crops. The results of the investigation show that three main chemical elements (carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) accounted for 93.1 to 94.9% of the biomass pellet content. The moisture content varied from 3.9 to 8.8%, ash content from 4.5 to 6.8% and calorific value from 16.8 to 17.1 MJ·kg−1. It was found that the density (DM) of all variants of pellets was very similar; the faba bean biomass pellets had the highest density of 1195.8 kg·m−3 DM. The initial ash deformation temperature (DT) of burning biomass pellets was detected, which varied from 976 to 1322 °C. High potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were found in all types of biomass ash. The quantities of heavy metals in pellet ash were not large and did not exceed the permissible values according to Lithuanian legislation. These chemical properties of multi-crop biomass ash allow them to be used in agriculture for plant fertilization.
Highlights
The goal of reducing dependence on fossil fuels and the need to reduce the negative impact on the environment are encouraging the increasing use of renewable energy sources.Various types of biomass can be used for this purpose
The need to find new biofuel feedstocks is driving more research to support the use of different types of biomass for biofuel
Many studies have been carried out to substantiate the suitability of herbaceous plants and agricultural waste for biofuel, possibilities for preparing multi-crop plants for biofuel have not yet been analysed
Summary
The goal of reducing dependence on fossil fuels and the need to reduce the negative impact on the environment are encouraging the increasing use of renewable energy sources.Various types of biomass can be used for this purpose. Biomass is considered to be an environmentally friendly energy source that can reduce carbon emissions [1]. Compaction technologies, such as granulation, briquetting and others, produce fuels with desired physical, mechanical, chemical, thermal and combustion characteristics [2]. Pellets made from non-wood biomass are often inferior to pellets made from wood biomass in terms of quality. They have a lower bulk density, high ash content and lower calorific value. Solutions are needed that allow the more efficient use of non-wood biomass as solid fuel, such as blending different types of biomass, to obtain better pellet quality [3]
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