Abstract
The leaves of Homalomena aromatica are traditionally used in Bangladesh for the treatment of different chronic ailments. The purpose of this study was to explore in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic activities, and in vivo neuropharmacological effects of methanolic extract of Homalomena aromatica (MEHA) leaves. Antioxidant activity of MEHA was assessed by a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and total phenolics content, total flavonoids content were also measured. The thrombolytic activity was determined by percentage of clot lysis and neuropharmacological activities by hole board, tail suspension, forced swimming and elevated plus maze tests. The results showed that the IC50 value of the extract against DPPH was 199.51 μg/mL. Quantitative analysis displayed higher contents of phenolics and flavonoids (147.71 mg gallic acid equivalent/g & 66.65 mg quercetin equivalent/g dried extract, respectively). The extract also showed a significant clot lysis (33.31%) activity. In case of anxiolytic activity, the elevate plus maze (EPM) test demonstrated an increase in time spent in open arms, and in case of hole board test, the number of head dipping was also significantly increased (p < 0.05). All the test compared with control (1% Tween in water) and standard (diazepam 1 mg/kg), significant dose (200 & 400 mg/kg) dependent anxiolytic activity was found. In antidepressant activity, there was a significant decrease in period of immobility in both test models (tail suspension and forced swimming) (p < 0.05). Moreover, 13 compounds were identified as bioactive, showed good binding affinities to xanthine oxidoreductase, tissue plasminogen activator receptor, potassium channel receptor, human serotonin receptor targets in molecular docking experiments. Furthermore, ADME/T analysis revealed their drug-likeness, likely pharmacological actions and non-toxic upon consumption. Taken together, our finding support the traditional medicinal use of this plant, which may provide a potential source for future drug discovery.
Highlights
Thrombosis is a blood clotting disorder and one of the leading causes of death in developed countries [1]
Ascorbic acid, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), Folin-Ciocalteau reagent (FCR), sodium carbonate, gallic acid, potassium acetate, aluminium chloride, quercetin were purchased from Sigma Chemicals
The obtained results support the notion that H. aromatica possesses medicinal value for the treatment of thrombotic, anxiety and depressive disorders
Summary
Thrombosis is a blood clotting disorder and one of the leading causes of death in developed countries [1]. Traditional and herbal drugs could be the potential alternatives to treat thrombosis for their safety profiles. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression are a common but serious mood illness resulting in severe symptoms such as sadness, feelings of guilt, loss of interest affecting sleeping, eating and other daily activities. Pharmacotherapy for a longer period of time, for example co-administration of antioxidants along with psychiatric agents is suggested to treat such critical health diseases In this circumstance, the investigation of possible bioactive leads from medicinal plants covering multiple pharmacological targets is a main aim of worldwide research, because medicinal plants some of the most abundant sources of pharmacological active compounds for the development of a new drugs. In vitro and in vivo model in silico methods are widely used to scrutinize the biological activities of phytochemicals with better safety, economic and drug-likeliness properties [6]
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