Abstract
BackgroundThe banana or scientifically referred to as Musa sp., is one of the most popular fruits all over the world. Almost all parts of a banana tree, including the fruits, stem juice, and flowers are commonly used as traditional medicine for treating diarrhoea (unripe), menorrhagia, diabetes, dysentery, and antiulcerogenic, hypoglycemic, antilithic, hypolipidemic conditions, plus antioxidant actions, inflammation, pains and even snakebites. The study carried out was to evaluate in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stems.MethodsObserving anti-urolithiathic activity via in vitro nucleation and aggregation assay using a spectrophotometer followed by microscopic observation. A total of 12 methanolic extracts were tested to determine the potential extracts in anti-urolithiasis activities. Cystone was used as a positive control.ResultsThe results manifested an inhibition of nucleation activity (0.11 ± 2.32% to 55.39 ± 1.01%) and an aggregation activity (4.34 ± 0.68% to 58.78 ± 1.81%) at 360 min of incubation time. The highest inhibition percentage in nucleation assay was obtained by the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic pseudo-stem extract (2D) which was 55.39 ± 1.01%at 60 min of incubation time compared to the cystone at 30.87 ± 0.74%. On the other hand,the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic bagasse extract (3D) had the highest inhibition percentage in the aggregation assay incubated at 360 min which was obtained at 58.78 ± 1.8%; 5.53% higher than the cystone (53.25%).The microscopic image showed a great reduction in the calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals formation and the size of crystals in 2D and 3D extracts, respectively, as compared to negative control.ConclusionsThe results obtained from this study suggest that the extracts are potential sources of alternative medicine for kidney stones disease.
Highlights
The banana or scientifically referred to as Musa sp., is one of the most popular fruits all over the world
Lipids has been shown to be an important component in the stone matrix [21] where the stone matrix contributes only 2–3% of the dry weight [1] from urolith
The characterization of stone formation or lithiasis is based on the formation of calculi, either nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis
Summary
The banana or scientifically referred to as Musa sp., is one of the most popular fruits all over the world. Urinary stones are polycrystalline aggregates composed of various organic components and crystalline matrices. The characterization of stone formation or lithiasis is based on the formation of calculi, either nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis. Nephrolithiasis is a stone formation in the kidney while the formation of calculi in the bladder, ureter or any part along the urinary tract other than the kidney is known as urolithiasis [9]. The treatment of kidney stones is costly. This necessitates the need for finding alternate methods and valuable sources from natural or waste products
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