Abstract
The objective of this work was to learn more about three-dimensional porous scaffolds made from biomaterial based on polycaprolactone (PCL) containing different amounts of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nanoparticles. Composite material samples containing 0, 2, 6.5, 11, 15.5, and 20% w/w of CMC and PCL/CMC scaffolds were prepared with the use of the salt particle leached technique. The mechanical properties were evaluated with the compressive strength analysis method. The studied temperature range started at very low temperatures and ended at crosslinking temperatures. It was evaluated using the thermal analysis methods of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in the range 0ºC-200ºC. The results revealed that the compressive modulus of blended PCL/CMC scaffold was higher than the one of pure PCL scaffold (582.2±106.2 kPa for pure PCL scaffold and 612.2±296 kPa for blended scaffold which contained 20% of CMC). For DSC analysis, in addition to the 15.5% w/w CMC PCL/CMC composite scaffold, other proportions of composite materials showed a decrease in crystallization temperature. The crystallinity of PCL-20% CMC was higher than that of PCL scaffolds.
Highlights
Damage or loss of tissue or a portion of the body is usually one of the most deadly and costly problems in health care [1]
The current study investigated the properties of porous scaffolds made of PCL and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
The porosity of blended PCL/CMC scaffolds was higher than that of the pure PCL scaffold, which might be due to CMC particles being dispersed throughout the PCL matrix surrounding the scaffold [27]
Summary
Damage or loss of tissue or a portion of the body is usually one of the most deadly and costly problems in health care [1]. Scaffolds are critical components in tissue engineering. Polymers have been utilized as biomaterials in the manufacturing of medical devices and tissue-engineering scaffolds [7, 8]. The most recent scaffolds mimic biological processes in the extracellular matrix in order to capture the structure and functions of growing tissues and aid cell adhesion, growth, and dispersal [9]. Biodegradable polymers such as PCL, PLLA, PLGA, etc. Are used as scaffolds in tissue engineering to foster cells until they are replaced by the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) [10,11,12]. Three-dimensional porous scaffolds can be prepared using a variety of processes, including 3D printing, phase separation, gas-foaming, solvent casting, salt particle leaching, and freeze-drying [15,16,17]
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