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Abstract
Composites of the type “nitrogen-containing carbon coating – single-walled carbon nanotubes” were obtained by the treatment of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in a gaseous 40%NH3-1%C2H2-C2H4 mixture at temperatures 600–750 °C. Single-walled carbon nanotubes etched in aqua regia (SWCNTet) and doped with nitrogen (N-SWCNT) were studied by XPS, electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy. Various oxygen-containing functional groups were found to reside on the surface of initial SWCNTet. Upon treatment of SWCNTet in 40%NH3-1%С2Н2-C2H4, polymerization and condensation of hydrocarbons resulted in the formation of a thin nitrogen-containing carbon coating. Specific capacitance per a weight of initial and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes in an aqueous electrolyte with 1 M H2SO4 was measured. Specific capacitance of carbon electrodes was found to change symbately with the content of nitrogen-containing functional groups on the SWCNT surface.
Highlights
Electrochemical supercapacitors (SC) form a relatively new and rapidly developing class of systems for accumulation of electrical energy, which ensure fast charging and high energy storage capacity in the electrical double layer on the electrode surface
A considerable amount of oxygen-containing functional groups reside on the Single-walled carbon nanotubes etched in aqua regia (SWCNTet) surface, which may be related to the method of sample preparation
One can see that doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with nitrogen at 600 °C increased specific capacitance by 20% in comparison with initial SWCNTet samples, and elevation of the treatment temperature to 650 °C allowed us to obtain specific capacitance of the N-SWCNT650 sample equal to 113 F/g
Summary
Electrochemical supercapacitors (SC) form a relatively new and rapidly developing class of systems for accumulation of electrical energy, which ensure fast charging and high energy storage capacity in the electrical double layer on the electrode surface. Among promising materials for the development of electrodes are carbon nanotubes, especially the single-walled ones (SWCNT), which have ideally a specific surface area up to 1300 m2/g, high electron conductivity along the tube, and good stability in various media. This paper demonstrates the possibility to obtain a carbon coating modified with nitrogen atoms by carbonization of the SWCNT surface in the ammonia-hydrocarbon mixture The effect of such modification on electrochemical properties of the produced carbon electrodes was studied.
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