Abstract
We explain the fundamental physical mechanisms involved in coupling triangular lattice photonic crystal waveguides to conventional dielectric slab waveguides. We show that the two waveguides can be efficiently coupled outside the mode gap frequencies. We especially focus on the coupling of the two structures within the mode gap frequencies and show for the first time that the diffraction from the main photonic crystal structure plays an important role on the reflection of power back into the slab waveguide. The practical importance of this effect and possible strategies to modify it are also discussed.
Highlights
Photonic crystals (PCs) [1,2] are novel optical structures with periodic variation of permittivity in space
We explain the fundamental physical mechanisms involved in coupling triangular lattice photonic crystal waveguides to conventional dielectric slab waveguides
We especially focus on the coupling of the two structures within the mode gap frequencies and show for the first time that the diffraction from the main photonic crystal structure plays an important role on the reflection of power back into the slab waveguide
Summary
Photonic crystals (PCs) [1,2] are novel optical structures with periodic variation of permittivity in space. Multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves from these periodic structures can result in the existence of a photonic bandgap (PBG), i.e., a range of frequency with no allowed electromagnetic modes Ultrasmall optical devices such as cavities, waveguides, couplers, and lasers can be formed by adding defects to a perfect PC. Among all PCs, triangular lattice of air holes in a dielectric material is the most suitable structure for integrated optics applications due to its large PBG [9]. We consider both transmission and reflection properties of the coupling between a slab waveguide and the single-mode PCW in the triangular lattice of air holes in Si. We explain all observed features based on fundamental physical mechanisms.
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