Abstract
The influences of different kinds of phonon scatterings (i.e., acoustic (AC) phonon, impurity, and longitudinal optical (LO) phonon scatterings) on the tunable propagation properties of graphene metamaterials structures have been investigated, also including the effects of graphene pattern structures, Fermi levels, and operation frequencies. The results manifested that, at room temperature, AC phonon scattering dominated, while with the increase in temperature, the LO phonon scattering increased significantly and played a dominate role if temperature goes beyond 600 K. Due to the phonon scatterings, the resonant properties of the graphene metamaterial structure indicated an optimum value (about 0.5–0.8 eV) with the increase in Fermi level, which were different from the existing results. The results are very helpful to understand the tunable mechanisms of graphene functional devices, sensors, modulators, and antennas.
Highlights
The terahertz (THz) frequency range lies in the microwave and infrared wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, showing potential applications in the practical fields of spectral analysis, imaging, homeland security detection, and high-speed wireless communication [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
The main scattering mechanisms of the graphene layer included the collisions of electrons with acoustic phonons (AC), longitudinal optical (LO) phonons and impurity
The AC phonon scattering came from the interactions of electrons with lattice vibrations, representing all atoms in a unit cell moving in the same direction with a small phase difference
Summary
The terahertz (THz) frequency range lies in the microwave and infrared wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, showing potential applications in the practical fields of spectral analysis, imaging, homeland security detection, and high-speed wireless communication (in the range of several hundred Gbit s−1) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. For the graphene pattern structures, if the effects of phonon scatterings were considered, the resonant properties showed a peak with the increase in Fermi level.
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