Abstract
Abstract Aerial parts of Salvia albimaculata Hedge & Hub.-Mor., Salvia potentillifolia Boiss & Heldr. ex Bentham. and Salvia nydeggeri Hub.-Mor. from Soutwest Anatolia, Turkey were evaluated to determine their phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. According to the ultra performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis results, caffeic acid (3582.8 ± 2.5 μg/g, 2956.5 ± 4.6 μg/g and 2457.7 ± 3.1 μg/g) and 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (1846.2 ± 3.1 μg/g, 2019.1 ± 2.2 μg/g and 1901.3 ± 1.5 μg/g) were found to be in the highest concentrations in S. potentillifolia, S. albimaculata and S. nydeggeri, respectively. Total amounts of phenolics and flavonoids were determined highest in ethyl acetate extracts of samples and varied from 62.4 ± 0.1 to 55.4 ± 0.0 µg PEs/mg and from 296.8 ± 1.4 to 198.4 ± 1.5 µg QEs/mg, respectively. Antioxidant activity of S. potentillifolia was found to be higher than the others for ABTS•+ and β-carotene linoleic acid assays (SC50 = 49.8 ± 0.9 and IC50 = 26.1 ± 0.6 µg /mL, respectively) while S. albimaculata was found to be higher for DPPH• assay (SC50 = 227.4 ± 1.1 µg/mL).
Highlights
IntroductionThe genus Salvia is the largest member of the Lamiaceae family with nearly 1000 species spread throughout the various regions of the World mainly central and south America, western Asia (especially Turkey, Iran, Russia) and eastern Asia
The genus Salvia is the largest member of the Lamiaceae family with nearly 1000 species spread throughout the various regions of the World mainly central and south America, western Asia and eastern Asia
Ethyl acetate extract of S. albimaculata showed the highest amount of total flavonoid content (296.8 ± 1.4 μg quercetin equivalents (QEs)/mg) and the lowest content (29.1 ± 0.7 μg QEs/mg) of total flavonoid were found belonging to hexane extract of S. nydeggeri
Summary
The genus Salvia is the largest member of the Lamiaceae family with nearly 1000 species spread throughout the various regions of the World mainly central and south America, western Asia (especially Turkey, Iran, Russia) and eastern Asia. 99 species of the genus Salvia have been identified in Turkey and 52 (52%) of them are endemic to Turkey (Alziar, 1988; Celep et al, 2014). It is known that Salvia species have been used as infusions against simple diseases in Anatolian traditional medicine applications (Baytop, 1999). Many Salvia species have been reported for use in the treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, colds, bronchitis and tuberculosis (Dweck, 2000) as well as biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial (Kelen & Tepe, 2008), anti-inflammatory (González-Chávez et al, 2017), antidiabetic (Eidi & Eidi, 2009), antitumor (Fiore et al, 2012), anti cancer (Jiang et al, 2017) ve antiviral activities (Šmidling et al, 2008). Lopresti (2017) published a useful review about potential cognitive-enhancing and protective effects of Salvia and Miroddi et al (2014) has reviewed clinical trials assessing pharmacological properties of Salvia species on memory, cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease
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