Abstract

Global energy consumption is increasing every year, and, despite their many negative impacts, fossil fuels are a major source of energy, but their reserves are gradually depleting. One of the promising but underutilized resources is plant biomass (phytomass). The main problem of plant biomass combustion is the low melting temperature of ash, but there are also problems with corrosion of heat exchangers and clogging of heat-exchanging surfaces. This work is concerned with the production of straw pellets in order to increase the melting temperature of ash by adding an additive. The paper sludge contains substances that can increase the melting point of ash and was therefore added to the pellet samples. This additive was mixed with straw in ratios from 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 (straw/paper sludge). The use of paper sludge showed positive effects on increasing the melting temperature of the ash samples. The deformation temperature of the ash has already risen from 1020 to 1260 °C after the addition of 10% sludge, which is comparable to wood pellets.

Highlights

  • The advantage of straw is in its wide availability in almost all parts of the world, which is related to its low price

  • The lower calorific value (LCV) of the samples was subsequently determined by the following equation [27]: LCV = higher calorific value (HCV) − rH2O Wp + 8.94·xH

  • This work has shown that one of the solutions to deal with the greatest deficiency of plant biomass and the low melting temperature of ash is the use of suitable additives and materials that can increase this temperature

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Summary

Introduction

The advantage of straw is in its wide availability in almost all parts of the world, which is related to its low price. The main problems of plant biomass combustion include low energy density, potentially high moisture contents, problems in terms of availability, and in combustion the low melting point of biomass can pose problems with corrosion. The higher content of these elements generally leads to increased concentration of emissions and particulate matter, as well as operational problems related to ash behavior during combustion [2]. The already mentioned low melting temperature of ash causes problems during the operation of burners. This includes slagging, fouling and in some cases corrosion

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