Investigation of Paraffin Deposition During Multiphase Flow in Pipelines and Wellbores—Part 1: Experiments

Abstract

Results are presented from two-phase flow wax deposition tests using a state-of-the-art, high-pressure, multiphase flow test facility. Wax deposition was found to be flow pattern specific and dependent on the flow velocities of the two-phase fluids. Wax deposition occurs only along the pipe wall in contact with a waxy crude oil. An increase in mixture velocity results in harder deposits, but with a lower deposit thickness. The wax buildup trend at low mixture velocities is similar to that observed in laminar single-phase flow tests. The wax buildup trend at high mixture velocities is similar to that observed in turbulent single-phase flow tests. Thinner and harder deposits at the bottom than at the top of the pipe were observed in horizontal and near-horizontal intermittent flow tests. For annular flow tests, thicker and harder deposits were observed at low superficial liquid velocity than at high superficial liquid velocity. In stratified flow tests, no wax deposition was observed along the upper portion of the pipe.