Abstract
To describe the pattern of transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during 2 nosocomial outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with regard to the possibility of airborne transmission. Contact investigations with active case finding were used to assess the pattern of spread from 2 COVID-19 index patients. A community hospital and university medical center in the United States, in February and March, 2020, early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Two index patients and 421 exposed healthcare workers. Exposed healthcare workers (HCWs) were identified by analyzing the electronic medical record (EMR) and conducting active case finding in combination with structured interviews. Healthcare coworkers (HCWs) were tested for COVID-19 by obtaining oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal specimens, and RT-PCR testing was used to detect SARS-CoV-2. Two separate index patients were admitted in February and March 2020, without initial suspicion for COVID-19 and without contact or droplet precautions in place; both patients underwent several aerosol-generating procedures in this context. In total, 421 HCWs were exposed in total, and the results of the case contact investigations identified 8 secondary infections in HCWs. In all 8 cases, the HCWs had close contact with the index patients without sufficient personal protective equipment. Importantly, despite multiple aerosol-generating procedures, there was no evidence of airborne transmission. These observations suggest that, at least in a healthcare setting, most SARS-CoV-2 transmission is likely to take place during close contact with infected patients through respiratory droplets, rather than by long-distance airborne transmission.
Highlights
The predominant mode of transmission for most respiratory viruses occurs via large respiratory droplets inoculating mucous membranes.[8]
Hospital B undertook active case finding, with a combination of electronic medical record (EMR) tracing to identify all healthcare workers (HCWs) who entered the index patient’s record, as well as surveys conducted by each unit manager to identify any HCWs that may have entered the room without EMR contact
The cases described here, and the pattern of spread to exposed HCWs, provide important insight into the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 in a healthcare setting. Both patients were in the hospital for several days before COVID-19 was suspected, without contact, droplet, or airborne precautions in place, and both patients underwent multiple aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) without negative-pressure isolation rooms
Summary
The predominant mode of transmission for most respiratory viruses occurs via large respiratory droplets inoculating mucous membranes.[8] Respiratory droplets >5 μm in size travel
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