Abstract
In order to overcome the defect that the general shaking table test can’t clarify the scale relationship between the prototype structure and the scale model in the damaged area based on the fully similar laws, we derived a method that can analyze the relationship between the prototype structure and the scale model in the damaged area based on non-fully similar lows and verified it. We selected the appropriate material (the emulation concrete material, ECM), which has a good scale relationship with the prototype material in the elastic stage, the crack appearance stage, and crack propagation stage (damage stage). We proposed some similar ratios to reveal the similar relationship between the prototype structure and the scale model in the elastic stage, the crack appearance stage, and the crack propagation stage. Especially, we proposed two similar ratios: cr and hr (deduced by the fracture toughness similarity requirements and the fracture energy similarity requirements, respectively) which can well reflect the similar relationship between the prototype structure and the scale model in the damaged area. In order to verify these ratios, we compared the results of the prototype structure numerical simulation with those of the shaking table test of the scale model. The results show that hr has higher accuracy for predicting the relationship between the prototype structure and the scale model in the damaged area.
Highlights
Earthquake safety of dams is a matter of increasing concern in south-west China, where earthquakes are frequent and of high-intensity
The research ideas underpinning this article are as follows: firstly, we proposed some similar ratios between the prototype structure and the scale model in the damaged area based on non-fully similar laws
(ii) The previously invisible micro-cracks appeared in the Dagangshan concrete arch dam when the peak acceleration reaches 0.4265 g, and the invisible micro-cracks of the Dagangshan concrete arch dam converge to form visible macro cracks at 0.4265 g and 0.591 g
Summary
Earthquake safety of dams is a matter of increasing concern in south-west China, where earthquakes are frequent and of high-intensity. Real behaviors of dams under strong earthquakes need to be predicted for an aseismic design, but few dams have experienced strong earthquakes. The prediction of seismic responses of dams depends mainly on two methods: shaking table experiments and numerical simulations. In terms of experiments on a shaking table for scaled dam models, Ghobarah and Ghaemian[1] conducted an experimental study of small-scale models of a concrete gravity dam considering hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and seismic loads. Donlon and Hall[2] performed a series of shaking table tests on small-scale models of a concrete gravity dam to examine the nature of crack formation in a gravity dam. Ghaemmaghami and Ghaemian[3] studied the dynamic cracking of a small-scale model of a concrete buttress dam on a shaking table.
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