Abstract
This study aims to measure the radiation dose over several steel-making factories in Khartoum region, Sudan. The authors used different techniques to detect the harmful Natural Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) emitting through the steel-making process. While, an X-ray Diffractometer was utilized to detect the NORM in the isotopes clay elite and magnesio-ferrite over slag steel waste and soil. The worker dose was measured by using polimaster device and it was detected 56.448 mSv per year. And backpack mobile monitored the background over the waste and it was 0.048 μSv/h in accounting mode. In another hand gamma spectrometer with a high purity germanium detector detected the average of activity concentration of natural radionuclide over the slag steel waste and K-40 of it is 321 ± 3 Bq/Kg, Th-232 is 20.6 ± 5 Bq/Kg, Ra-226 is 15.2 ± 4 bq/Kg, Cs-137 is 3.33 ± 7 Bq/Kg, and over soil around the waste the concentration of K40, Ra226, Th232 was (185 ± 3, 12.6 ± 7, and 12.0 ± 5) Bq/Kg, respectively.
Highlights
The steel industries are highly successful in Sudan that leads to take it as one of the economic backbones, steel made involving in the several activity according to United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTD) report [1]
In the similar case we found that the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended that dose limits as an effective dose of about 20 mSv in a year averaged over 5 years, with no more than 50 mSv in each one year of occupational
All the measurement were taken 1m above the ground and steel melting oven, the slag steel and soil sample were collected from selective steel factory area, sample pulverized and packed in 1 kg by mass in the cylindrical plastic containers of radius 3 inch and height 3.5 inch, which sits on the (3 inch × 3 inches) high purity germanium (HPGe) detector with geometry the containers are sealed for one week to ensure radioactive equilibrium between the parent radionuclides and their gaseous daughter decay products in the uranium and thorium series, the small amount of sample directed measured in XRD device to detected the clay isotopes amount [12]
Summary
The steel industries are highly successful in Sudan that leads to take it as one of the economic backbones, steel made involving in the several activity according to United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTD) report [1]. There are different environmental impact risks according to steel-making as shown in the previous studies as one of the enhanced sources of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) [2], some. The 210Po and 210Pb levels in dust collected from the blast furnace off-gases are generally lower than those from the sinter plant [3]. The regional agency for the environmental protection of Veneto was studied concerning NORM in integrated steel workers in coke production residue blast furnace dust and sinter dust in an enhanced level of 210Pb and 210Po in dust and residue sample, it was more than 40 Bq/g [4]. The investigation of the presence of the natural isotopes such as 40K, 226Ra, 232Th, and 238U as well as artificial isotopes such as 60Co, 137Cs, and 192Ir in the Steel Mills of CMC-Croatia was carried out [5]
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