Abstract
The present numerical research studies the effect of nano-materials in a lid-driven cylindrical cavity with rotation of circumferential top wall. The heat is transferred from two lateral walls to the domain by constant temperature conditions while other walls are kept isolated. The non-dimensional equations are solved by Finite Volume Method (FVM) and SIMPLEC method. The effect of Reynolds (Re = 100, 400, 1000), Ryleigh (Ra = 104, 105, 106) numbers are studied. In addition, the effect of concentration of nano materials (ϕ = 0%, 1%, 5%), the Height Ratio (HR = 1, 0.5, 2) on Nusselt number, isotherm lines and streamlines are studied. The results show that Reynolds number also can change the effect of nano particles on the heat transfer rate. It is observed that the height ratio increase can improve the Nusselt number since the number and the size of vortices inside the cavity changes. In addition, increase of Ra number can change the flow structure inside the cavity which can help in increasing of Nusselt number.
Highlights
One of the important topics in industry is the heat transfer in thermal systems and having knowledge about the thermal behavior of a system, which can help designers to design a system with high reliability and low energy consumption
The analysis of closed enclosures has attracted many researchers to study the flow and thermal behavior of a system for different fluids, geometries and boundary conditions such as partially heated, lid-driven, etc. The reason behind these simulations mostly was to understand the behavior of a thermal system in different conditions, deeply. For many of those applications, the flow nature is a mixture of forced convection and natural convection, which was solved by numerical methods since the numerical simulation is much cheaper compared to the experiments
Volume method was used for simulation of the flow in a lid-driven cylindrical cavity
Summary
One of the important topics in industry is the heat transfer in thermal systems and having knowledge about the thermal behavior of a system, which can help designers to design a system with high reliability and low energy consumption. The analysis of closed enclosures has attracted many researchers to study the flow and thermal behavior of a system for different fluids, geometries and boundary conditions such as partially heated, lid-driven, etc. The reason behind these simulations mostly was to understand the behavior of a thermal system in different conditions, deeply. The number of fluids that can be used for this purpose is limited by price, safety, and environmental restrictions Due to this reason, water is a preferred coolant; it is cheap and accessible anywhere, the properties of water are not sufficient to remove heat from devices in specific applications. The thermal properties of water is needed to Inventions 2019, 4, 60; doi:10.3390/inventions4040060 www.mdpi.com/journal/inventions
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