Investigation of MHD natural convection in a porous media by double MRT lattice Boltzmann method utilizing MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid

Abstract

In this paper, a new double multi relaxation time (MRT) Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been used to simulate magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) natural convection in a porous media. A new nanofluid named; multi-walled carbon nanotubes–iron oxide/water nanofluid (MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid) has been utilized to investigate the effect of nanoparticle on heat transfer. The thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid have been extracted from experimental results. D2Q9 and D2Q5 lattices are used to solve the flow and temperature fields respectively, and the effect of various parameters such as; Darcy number (Da) (10−2–10−1), Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 105), porosity (0.4 ≤ ε ≤ 0.9), volume fraction of nanoparticles (0≤ Ø ≤ 0.003) and Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 50) have been investigated. Based on the present results, the new double MRT LBM is a proper method to solve the complex flows such as MHD natural convection in porous media. The results show that augmentation of Rayleigh number increases the heat transfer rate for all cases however by increasing the Hartmann number the effect of Rayleigh number decreases. Also, adding the nanoparticles enhances the average Nusselt number as increases 4.9% for Ra = 105, Da = 10−1, Ha = 50, and ε = 0.9 when the volume fraction of nanoparticles rises from 0 to 0.003. Results indicate that by enhancing Darcy number heat transfer rate increases and average Nusselt number improves by porosity.