Abstract
Wrinkling of webs, such as papers, films and endless belts, is a serious problem in the operation of web handling machinery. In the paper-making process, out-of-plane deformation of webs, which will develop into wrinkling, often occurs owing to, e. g., low applied tension, misalignment of rolls and partial shrinkage of webs. In the numerical prediction of web wrinkling, we frequently encounter many difficulties in obtaining proper solutions, since the process of wrinkle development is highly nonlinear and unstable. This paper proposes a new analytical approach of web wrinkling which guarantees the stable calculation. The key for the stable calculation in the present geometrically nonlinear FEM is a novel numerical algorithm that the generalized inverse of the stiffness matrix is introduced when the calculation approaches the onset of buckling. Using this analytical method, numerical calculations were conducted on the deformation behavior of papers in a drying section of a printing machine, and also in an endless belt of a paper-making machine. The numerical results have shown a good agreement with the experimental observations.
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