Investigation of material properties of tailored press hardening parts using numerical and physical simulation

Abstract

In order to assure good resistance performances, automobile manufacturers are looking for high strength steel, especially for structural parts of body in white, which are formed by hot stamping process. With the aim of guaranteeing specific crash behavior, various technologies have been developed to provide tailored properties.Typical tailored component is the B-pillar, which is studied in this work. In general, the pillar must be with greater resistance in some areas, while in others it must have greater toughness to absorb the energy of a possible impact. The tailored technology investigated in this work is the tailored tempering, in which different areas of the component experience different cooling histories leading to requested final mechanical properties.The methodology used to investigate custom properties involves a first designing phase implemented with Finite Element (FE) commercial programs; FE simulations were performed to investigate the Press Hardening process of a 22MnB5 boron steel blank and in particular the thermo-mechanical cycles related with both the high-resistance and high-toughness regions of the pillar.In the second phase of the proposed approach, the obtained thermo-mechanical cycles have been physically simulated, by using Gleeble 3185 system. The following consecutive steps was reproduced on home-designed specimens: (i) Blank heating for the complete austenitization (at a temperature of 930° C for 4 min). (ii) The heat loss due to the transport phase of the blank from the oven to the press. iii) The mechanical deformation of the blank due to the stamping phase. iv) The quenching phase of the part. (v) The cooling on air of the B-Pillar.Finally, micro-hardness tests have been performed on the specimens subjected to physical simulation. FE model predictions and micro-hardness tests are in good agreement, showing that tailored tempering effectively leads to differentiation of the mechanical properties.