Abstract
The occurrence of Marangoni and natural convection has been experimentally investigated during lysozyme and cytochrome c′ protein crystal growth (PCG) using a vapor diffusion technique in a hanging droplet and a PCG apparatus. To detect the fluid motion, the photochromic dye activation and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) techniques were used. In all the cases studied, the dye traces recorded by a CCD video camera did not show fluid movement with velocities greater than about 0.2 μm/s anywhere in the solution, even around the growing protein crystals. The PTV technique with a velocity resolution well below 0.2 μm/s also showed no detectable displacements of the tracer particles. These results indicate that an aqueous protein solution surface is highly resistant to Marangoni convection under typical PCG conditions.
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