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Abstract
Interventions to resolve thermal discomfort as a common complaint in amputees are usually chosen based on the residual limb skin temperature while wearing prosthesis; whereas, less attention has been paid to residual limb skin temperature while outside of the prosthesis. The objective of this study was to explore the localized and regional skin temperature over the transtibial residual limb (TRL) while outside of the prosthesis. Eight unilateral transtibial adults with traumatic amputation were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants sat to remove their prostheses and rested for 30 minutes. Twelve sites were marked circumferentially in four columns (anterolateral, anteromedial, posteromedial, and posterolateral) and longitudinally in three rows (proximal, middle, and distal) over the residual limb and used for attachment of analog thermistors. Skin temperature was recorded and compared for 11 minutes. Furthermore, the relationship of skin temperature with participants' demographic and clinical characteristics was explored. The whole temperature of the TRL was 27.73 (SD=0.83)°C. There was a significant difference in skin temperature between anterior and posterior columns. Likewise, the distal row was significantly different from the proximal and middle rows. The mean temperature at the middle and distal zones of the anteromedial column had the highest and lowest skin temperatures (29.8 and 26.3°C, p<0.05), respectively. The mean temperature of the whole TRL had no significant relationships (p>0.05) with participants' demographic and clinical characteristics. An unequal distribution of temperature over the TRL was found with significantly higher and lower temperatures at its anterior column and distal row, respectively. This temperature pattern should be considered for thermoregulation strategies. Further investigation of the residual limb temperature with and without prosthesis, while considering muscles thickness and blood perfusion rate is warranted.
Highlights
Critical factors in the successful use of a prosthesis include skin integrity of the residual limb, skin health, and skin hygiene.[1,2] Skin irritation, ulceration, dermatitis, and excessive sweating are common complaints of amputees who use prostheses for their daily activities.[3,4] Heat andThe transtibial residual limb (TRL) skin temperature measurements with the prosthesis demonstrated unequal heat buildup over different anatomical locations.[8,9] Various scenarios are conceivable for unequal heat buildup over the CPOJ ISSN: 2561-987XGhoseiri et al 2021 INVESTIGATION OF LOCALIZED SKIN TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONTRL
An unequal distribution of temperature over the TRL was found with significantly higher and lower temperatures at its anterior column and distal row, respectively. This temperature pattern should be considered for thermoregulation strategies
The inclusion criteria were: (1) unilateral TRL with at least 25 cm length from knee axis, (2) traumatic amputation, (3) age between 18-60 years, (4) at least two years of experience of prosthesis use, (5) existence of intact skin of the residual limb without any ulceration based on medical examination
Summary
Critical factors in the successful use of a prosthesis include skin integrity of the residual limb, skin health, and skin hygiene.[1,2] Skin irritation, ulceration, dermatitis, and excessive sweating are common complaints of amputees who use prostheses for their daily activities.[3,4] Heat and. The transtibial residual limb (TRL) skin temperature measurements with the prosthesis demonstrated unequal heat buildup over different anatomical locations.[8,9] Various scenarios are conceivable for unequal heat buildup over the CPOJ ISSN: 2561-987X. The objective of this study was to explore the localized and regional skin temperature over the transtibial residual limb (TRL) while outside of the prosthesis
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