Investigation of lipid profile and occular oxidative stress of Chloroxylon swietenia on Streptozotocin‑nicotinamide‑induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Aim: This investigation was designed to study the antidiabetic effect of Ethanolic extract of Chloroxylon swietenia (EECS) in Streptozotocin‑Nicotinamide‑induced type‑II diabetes in rats. Materials and Methods: The extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg was given to the overnight‑fasted Wistar albino rats for 14 days and the antidiabetic, lipid profile and ocular oxidative stress in Streptozotocin‑Nicotinamide‑induced diabetic rats were evaluated. The parameters studied were blood glucose, lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high‑density lipoprotein (HDL), low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low‑density lipoprotein (VLDL)], serum enzymes such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), complete blood picture (RBC, haemoglobin, WBC), insulin and liver glycogen levels. The result of test drug was compared with diabetic control. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was selected as standard hypoglycaemic drug. Statistical Analysis: Results were expressed as Mean ± SD. Dunnet’s and one‑way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean values of test groups and diabetic control. Results: Administration of EECS prior to glucose overload resulted significant attenuation in blood sugar level at 60 and 120 min in comparison to glucose control group. The antidiabetic activity of EECS showed significant (P < 0.001) reduction in blood glucose level at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg dose levels at 14th day. EECS with (250 and 500 mg/kg) also decreased in serum SGOT, SGPT, TG, TC, VLDL‑C, LDL‑C, WBC and TBARS, in diabetic‑induced rats. In addition EECS at (250 and 500 mg/kg) increased liver glycogen, insulin, complete blood picture RBC, haemoglobin, ocular oxidative enzymes CAT, GSH and body weight when compared with diabetic control. Conclusion: The result obtained from the present study revealed the potential anti‑diabetic activity of Ethanolic extract of Chloroxylon swietenia. Key words: Blood glucose, blood profile, Chloroxylon swietenia, diabetes mellitus, lipid profile, liver glycogen, ocular oxidative stress, serum insulin