Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used for many applications such as portable electronic devices and Electric Vehicles, because they have lighter weight, higher energy density, higher power density, and a higher energy-to-weight ratio than other types of batteries. Conventional contact-based cutting technology may be inefficient whenever cell design is changed since lithium-ion battery cells are not standardized. Furthermore, the conventional cutting may result in process instability and a poor cut quality due to the tool wear so that it leads to short circuits and local heat generation. These process instability and inefficiency may be solved by laser cutting due to advantages such as clean cutting edge, less deformation, applicability to almost all materials, possibility of precision processing, and easy modification of cutting path. Despite the importance of the laser cutting research, no clear definition of cutting widths has been presented, and there is lack of knowledge to understand the effect of laser parameters on cutting widths. Therefore, this research examines the surface of cathode cut by a laser and defines cutting widths such as top width, melting width, and kerf width. The relationship between the laser parameters and cutting characteristics with defined widths are studied. When the volume energy is less than 6.0172 × 10 10 J / m 3 , no active electrode material is removed. When the laser power is greater or equal to 100 W, both the top and melting widths are clearly observed. The laser power of 50 W can selectively ablate the active electrode material with the material removal rate of 32.14–55.71 mm 3 / min . The threshold volume energy to fully penetrate the 50 μm-thick current collector is between 9.6275 × 10 10 – 8.0229 × 10 10 J / m 3 . All clearance width is less than 20 μm, while the clearance width interestingly exceeds 20 μm when the laser power is 200 W. The effect of material properties on heat transfer using the one dimensional transient semi-infinite conduction model is investigated. In addition, five types of physical characteristics are defined and discussed.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries, which are secondary batteries, are used for portable electronic devices, Electric Vehicles (EV), and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), because they are lighter and have a higher energy density, power density, and energy-to-weight ratio than lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries [1,2]
During lithium-ion lithium-ionmanufacturing manufacturing processes, inefficient conventional cutting technology has During processes, inefficient conventional cutting technology has been been replaced by laser processing since it has many advantages such as a clean cutting edge, less replaced by laser processing since it has many advantages such as a clean cutting edge, less deformation, deformation,toapplicability to almost all materials, possibility of precision andofan easy applicability almost all materials, possibility of precision processing, and anprocessing, easy transition cutting transition cutting path
Sinceofno clear definition widths has presented andbeen therepresented is lack of and knowledge lack of knowledge to understand the effect of laser parameters on cutting widths in a few previous to understand the effect of laser parameters on cutting widths in a few previous studies, this study studies, this study examines theofsurface cathode cut meaningful by a laser cutting with defining examines the surface morphology cathodemorphology cut by a laserofwith defining widths, meaningful cutting widths, such as top width, melting width, and kerf width, to investigate the such as top width, melting width, and kerf width, to investigate the physical phenomena during laser physical phenomena during laser cutting of cathodes
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries, which are secondary batteries, are used for portable electronic devices, Electric Vehicles (EV), and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), because they are lighter and have a higher energy density, power density, and energy-to-weight ratio than lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries [1,2]. The conventional cutting technology may result in process instability and poor cut quality due to the tool wear This poor cut quality leads to short circuits and local heat concentration [2]. Lutey et al [13] characterized the process efficiency and quality for laser cutting of lithium iron phosphate battery electrodes They found that the cutting efficiency increases with shorter pulses, higher velocity, and shorter wavelength. In his recent publication, high speed laser cutting of Li-ion battery electrodes had been investigated to provide guidelines for the processing parameters to achieve optimum process efficiency and visible cut quality with a high power nanosecond pulsed laser [14].
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