Abstract
This experiment investigates the effects of utilizing Rahnama cultivar with high non-starchy polysaccharide content and supplementation of xylanase enzyme in poultry feed on the productivity features, nutrient digestibility and intestinal enzymes activity of 21-47 week laying hens. The experiment was conducted quite randomly and in factorial design that included eight treatments with 4 wheat levels (zero, 23, 46 and 69% that contained 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4% of xylose respectively) and two level enzymes (with and without enzyme) and 5 replications (6 hens) in each replication. During the experiment, by xylose level increase in diet, the weight (p>0.05) and mass of the egg (p>0.01) decreased and feed conversion ratio increased (p>0.05) but there was no effect on feed consumption and egg production rate. Diet supplementation with xylanase resulted in egg production increase (p>0.05), weight and mass increase of eggs (p>0.01) and improved feed conversion ratio (p>0.01). Xylose levels increase resulted in decrease in fat and metabolic energy digestibility of the diet (p>0.05); and, amylase enzymes activity in duodenum and amino peptidase, and lipase in duodenum and jejunum (p>0.01) increased. However, xylanase supplement had no effect on any intestinal enzymes. Diet supplementation with xylanase decreased viscosity of ileum (p>0.01). Increased xylanase level in diet resulted in decreased productivity features of laying hens, increased intestinal enzyme activity and decreased fat and metabolic energy digestibility.
Highlights
One of the largest families of bacteria is Enterobacteriaceae family, which due to their higher prevalence in humans and animals, extensive studies have been done on them
Measurement of expression of pseudoToll receptors has previously been investigated between the two bacteria of Escherichia coli and Shigella Flexneri with an emphasis on expression of 4TLR in gram-negative bacteria [14], but, no comparison has been done between different strains of a gramnegative bacterium, especially in the stem cells and in order to produce the vaccine, this comparative trend has been considered as the goal of this study
Expression of the 4TLR-related mRNA in mesenchyme stem cells was measured by the RT-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process
Summary
One of the largest families of bacteria is Enterobacteriaceae family, which due to their higher prevalence in humans and animals, extensive studies have been done on them. When bone marrow-derived and fat tissue-derived mesenchyme stem cells are stimulated with specific ligands from different TLRs, they activate NF-kB and signaling pathways of p13k and subsequently induce multiple genes and cytokines, in particular 10IL-6, CXCL and IL8. Measurement of expression of pseudoToll receptors has previously been investigated between the two bacteria of Escherichia coli and Shigella Flexneri with an emphasis on expression of 4TLR in gram-negative bacteria [14], but, no comparison has been done between different strains of a gramnegative bacterium, especially in the stem cells and in order to produce the vaccine, this comparative trend has been considered as the goal of this study. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the stem cell of human Mesenchymal derived from bone marrow was treated by three dilution of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 extract of Shigella strains (Flexneri, Dysentery and Sonnei) containing lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion: given the increased expression of 4TLR by Shigella extract, this extract is recommended to increase the efficacy of the vaccine
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