Abstract
The optimization of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack usage has become essential due to the increasing demand for Li-ion batteries. Since degradation in Li-ion batteries is inevitable, there has been some effort recently on research to maximize the utilization of Li-ion battery cells in the pack. Some promising concepts include reconfigurable battery packs and cell replacement to limit the negative impact of early-degraded cells on the entire pack. This paper used a simulation framework, based on a cell voltage model and a degradation model, to study the feasibility and benefits of the cell replacement concept. The simulation conducted in MATLAB involves generating and varying Li-ion cells in the packs stochastically and simulating the life of the cells as well as the packs until they reach their end-of-life stage. It was found that the cell replacement method can increase the total number of cycles of the battery packs, effectively prolonging the lifespan of the packs. It is also determined that this approach can be more economically beneficial than the current approach of simple pack replacement. For the cell replacement concept to be practical, two main design criteria should be satisfied including individual cell monitoring and easy accessibility to cells at failure stage.
Highlights
Since the values of the ECM parameters were close enough along the state of charge (SOC) range to be used in the cycling simulation, they will be assumed as lookup tables—and not a continuous function of the SOC—when they are generated
This study investigated the concept of cell replacement for Li-ion battery packs using
A battery voltage model and a battery degradation model were used to set up the simulation framework
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. After a certain number of cycles, Li-ion cells will eventually reach their end-of-life (EOL) stage In some applications such as electric vehicles the EOL threshold of a battery is often when its remaining total capacity reaches. As the battery pack reaches its EOL stage, it would likely contain some cells that are in a healthier state than other cells [14] This makes replacing the entire pack not completely efficient since some of the cells would still be in usable conditions. A battery voltage model and a battery degradation model are presented to develop a cell replacement simulation framework.
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