Investigation of in vitro formation of advanced lipoxidation end products and advanced glycation end products precursors in high-fat processed meat products

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The precursors glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) or advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) occur exogenously and endogenously. These α-dicarbonyl compounds, GO and MGO, can be formed from Maillard reactions during food processing as well as protein and lipid peroxidation. The purpose of the present study was to determine and evaluate the in vitro formation of AGEs and ALEs precursors, GO and MGO, in high-fat processed meat products. Before digestion, GO and MGO amounts in the samples ranged between 59.0 and 81.0 µg/100 g and between 11.7 and 47.0 µg/100 g, respectively. After in vitro digestion, GO and MGO formation ranged between 147.0 and 514.1% and 156.0 and 6912.3%, respectively. It is believed that prooxidant components, such as oxygen, enzymes, or heme-proteins, in the gastrointestinal tract promote lipid oxidation; therefore, GO and MGO can be formed. A higher rate of MGO increase was observed in starch containing meatball (chicken) and nugget samples in the gastrointestinal tract. It is thought that the carbohydrates in the meat samples may have contributed to the amount of GO and MGO formed. Thus, reducing fat and starch may produce low levels of GO and MGO formation in the foods during processing or digestion.