Investigation of Immunomodulatory Activity of Methanolic Extract and Isolated Compound of Pavonia odorata Roots in Mice

Abstract

The immune system plays a role in protective mechanism against the foreign and its modulation either suppression or stimulation was implicated in several human diseases like infection, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, etc. For which several allopathic immunomodulators have been used for treatment, exhibit potential side effects. Biological active compounds from natural sources used in the treatment of an immune-related disorder. Being the importance of natural compound. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of methanolic roots extract of Pavonia odorata and isolated compounds from Pavonia odorata. Immunomodulatory activities were determined by in vivo models- delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), carbon clearance assay (Phagocytic index), and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. The methanolic extracts of Pavonia odorata and isolated compound, in the concentration range 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100µg were also tested for phagocytic effect on neutrophils using the in vitro models-nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye test. Mice treated with dose i.e. 200mg/kg (Group III) and dose 370mg/kg (Group-IV) increase response in footpad edema was found to be statistically significant (*p˂ 0.05), (**p˂ 0.01) and showed statistically significant (*p˂ 0.05) increase in WBC and platelets count and phagocytic index when compared to cyclophosphamide (20mg/kg) treated and control-treated mice. In cyclophosphamide induces immunosuppression, methanolic roots extract Pavonia odorata and isolated compound showed significant (P < 0.001) increase total differential leucocytes count DLC and hematological parameters RBCs, Hb, Platelets and WBCs significant increases when compared with cyclophosphamide group. Methanolic extract of Pavonia odorata and isolated compound in the concentration range 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100µg also showed significant (p˂ 0.001) phagocytic effect on neutrophils in the parameter studied. The present experimental finding demonstrated that isolated compound has superior immunomodulatory activity then methnolic extract of Pavonia odorata this effect presumably due to the greater ability of isolated compound to boost the innate and adaptive immune system.