Investigation of Hydride Rim Effect on Failure of Zircaloy-4 Cladding with Tube Burst Test

Abstract

To promote a better understanding of failure behavior of high burnup PWR fuel rods during reactivity initiated accidents (RIAs), tube burst tests have been performed with artificially hydrided Zircaloy-4 specimens at room temperature and at 620 K. Pressurization rate was increased to a maximum of 3.4 GPa/s in order to simulate rapid pellet/cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI) that occurs in high burnup fuel rods during a pulse-irradiation in the Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR). Hydrogen content in the specimens ranged from 150 to 1,050 ppm. Hydrides were accumulated in the cladding periphery and formed ‘hydride rim’ (radially-localized hydride layer) as observed in high burnup PWR fuel claddings. The hydrided cladding tubes failed with an axial crack at the room temperature tests. Brittle fracture appeared in the hydride rim, and failure morphology was similar to that observed in the NSRR experiments. The hydrides rim obviously reduced burst pressure and residual hoop strain at the tests. The residual hoop strain was very small even at 620K when thickness of the hydride rim exceeded 18% of cladding thickness. The present result accordingly indicates an important role of the hydrides layer in high burnup fuel rod failure under RIA conditions.