Abstract
This study aims to characterize, in terms of physicochemical, bacteriological and metal concentration parameters, the water quality of public fountains in the city of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil), in order to identify its potential for current uses, contributing to the diagnosis of water quality on the public access. Therefore, campaigns were conducted in July and November of 2017 and 2018 in four fountains (Fonte Nova, Estica, Pedrinhas/Pedreiras and Express way), which were geo-referenced and analyzed physical-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and total dissolved solids, salinity, sulfate, nitrate, chloride and alkalinity), bacteriological (thermotolerant coliforms) and metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). The fountains showed values in disagreement with the CONAMA Ordinances 396/2008, 357/2005, and 274/2000 mainly about the pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate and Thermotolerant Coliforms parameters, indicating inadequacy for their intended uses. This information should support decision making and mitigation measures that minimize the environmental degradation of urban fountains in the city of Salvador (BA), from the adoption of recovery, revitalization and monitoring measures that enable the effective management of these water resources.
Highlights
Due to the growing water deficit registered in many regions, (MEKONNEN, 2016), in Brazil and especially in the Northeastern region, the trend of consumption of water from alternative water sources has been increasing, among them, spouts, fount and public fountains. (TOURINHO, 2008)
The water quality of the aquifer systems that feed the fountains is adequate for several uses, and it may present some restrictions locally, (ZOBY, 2008), so that waters that are used for human supply, even secondarily, need to be constantly monitored
The existence of fountains along the slopes and beaches of Salvador is conditioned by the geological constitution of the city, characterized by precambrian rocks of the crystalline basement partially covered by the cretaceous sediments, of Barreiras Formation, which leans discordantly on crystalline rocks
Summary
Due to the growing water deficit registered in many regions, (MEKONNEN, 2016), in Brazil and especially in the Northeastern region, the trend of consumption of water from alternative water sources has been increasing, among them, spouts, fount and public fountains. (TOURINHO, 2008). The most of Aquifers are shallow and highly vulnerable and are mostly from waters draining the municipality land allowing the fountains emerge from the water contained in the porosity of rocks (ALVES et al, 2016). Urban fountains of public access, in general, are considered rare resources and of great vulnerability, weak connection with society, part of this is a result of negligence in the management of these environments. In Salvador, it can be said that fountains that have resisted time and omission and are still being used as a secondary supply system in the daily life of the city, but there is no official and regular information of the physicochemical and bacteriological conditions of their groundwater (TOURINHO and BERETTA, 2010). The urbanization process increase added to the significant population growth make it indispensable to know about the conduct of water quality, for use and management planning, but mainly to control environmental impacts, allowing adaptation to the many uses of this resource, especially those in greatest demand for quality in order to reduce the health risks of consumers
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
