Abstract
Groynes are popular hydraulic structures often used to control the erosion of banks by altering flow and sediment transport. In this paper, the effects of altering groyne orientation and spatial setup (from large to small and vice versa) on flow patterns, bed erosion, and sedimentation are numerically investigated. Studied groynes were parallel to each other, non-submerged, and impermeable. Numerical simulations were conducted in FLOW-3D. A nested mesh configuration combined with Van-Rijn formula on sediment transport yielded more accurate results when comparing numerical results to experiments. Groynes arranged from large to small at an angle of 45° decreased the scour depth by up to 55%, and an arrangement from small to large at an angle of 135° reduced the scour depth by up to 72%. Additionally, it was observed that simulations with an orientation closer to 90 degrees needed more equilibrium time when compared to other simulations.
Highlights
Scouring around hydraulic structures has been one of the most significant problems in their design
Dead zones change profile in a channel andmost theseimportant changes bring sedimentation and scour. the Thevelocity flow structure and these changes bring profound effects on and sedimentation and scour.this structure in a channel dead zone consists of a mixing layer, a primary gyre, a core region within smaller in a dead zone consists of a mixing layer, a primary and a coreW
Illustration provided for velocity distributions under special patterns of sedimentation and14scour
Summary
Scouring around hydraulic structures (such as piers, abutments, levee, groynes, etc.) has been one of the most significant problems in their design. Uijttewaal [4] tested four types of groynes found among the largest rivers in Europe to determine efficient alternative designs, while considering the physical, economical, and ecological aspects [4]. Other researchers, such as Garde, et al [5], Melville [6], Saneie [7], Zhang and Nakagawa [8], Ghodsian and Vaghefi [9], Al-Khateeb et al [10], Water 2019, 11, 235; doi:10.3390/w11020235 www.mdpi.com/journal/water
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