Investigation of Faraday effects in photonic band gap for tunable three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals containing the anisotropic material in diamond arrangement

Abstract

In this paper, the properties of photonic band gaps (PBGs) for three-dimensional (3-D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) composed of homogeneous magnetized plasma spheres immersed in the anisotropic dielectric (the uniaxial material) background with diamond lattices are theoretically studied by the plane wave expansion method, as the Faraday effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for calculating the anisotropic PBGs in the first irreducible Brillouin zone are theoretically deduced. The anisotropic PBG and one flatbands region can be achieved. The effects of the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, plasma filling factor, plasma frequency, and the external magnetic field on the characteristics of first anisotropic PBG are studied in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The numerical results show that the anisotropy can open partial band gaps in diamond lattices, and the complete PBG can be obtained compared to the conventional 3-D MPPCs doped by the isotropic material (the relative bandwidth of PBG is increased by 0.1108). The bandwidth of PBG also can be enlarged by introduced the magnetized plasma into 3-D PCs containing the uniaxial material, and the relative bandwidth of PBG is increased by 0.0266. It also is shown that the first anisotropic PBG can be manipulated by the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, plasma filling factor, plasma frequency, and the external magnetic field, respectively. The PBG can be enlarged by introducing the uniaxial material into 3-D MPPCs as the Faraday effects are considered. It also provides a way to enlarge the complete PBG for the 3-D MPPCs.