Investigation of environmentally friendly adsorbent synthesis from eggshell by carbonization, immobilization, and radiation: Box-Benkhen Design and tetracyclin removal

Abstract

In this study, was conducted to evaluate the applicability of 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) applied with synthesized zero-valent iron (NZVI) modified immobilized eggshell waste (ESW-NZVI-2.45 GHz) biosorbent for the tetracycline (TC) removal process from aqueous solutions. This composite was synthesized in borohydride reduction method via ethanol using a in atmospheric conditions. Biyosorbent characterized by FTIR, and SEM analyses before and after TC adsorption. Batch experiments were axamined for %TC removal efficiency of ESW-NZVI-2.45 GHz, were conducted utilizing the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Box-Behnken design. Experimentally, the maximum TC removal efficiency was found to be relatively high %94.61 at an optimum temperature of 20 °C, 2 min EMR time, and Co, 50 mg/L experimental conditions. The TC removal was determined to be appropriate for the pseudo-second kinetic model with the highest R2 value (0.9999). Thermodynamic parameters were calculated for ESW-NZVI-2.45 GHz. The ΔG values indicate that the adsorption process occurs spontaneously, while positive ΔS values indicate an increase in the irregularity at the solid/solution interface. As a result, this study showed that TC removal onto magnetic and irradiated biosorbent ESW-NZVI-2.45 GHz was effectively and optimization of optimum removal conditions studies RSM with high R2 (0.9833) supported.