Investigation of entropy generation in the existence of heat generation and nanoparticle clustering on porous Riga plate during nanofluid flow

Abstract

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of many parameters, including entropy production resulting from nanoparticle aggregation, viscous dissipation, heat source, and buoyancy, on the flow behavior of nanoliquids through a vertical Riga plate made of porous media at the two-dimensional stagnation point. By combining elements of the original Krieger-Dougherty model with the Maxwell-Bruggeman model, a new correlation for the aggregation process may be reached. The PDEs that control the boundary layer area of this problem are changed into a group of nonlinear PDEs using the right non-similarity transformations. The issue may be solved by using the BVP4c MATLAB program, which implements the local non-similarity approach and includes an extra degree of truncation. It was also found that the skin friction coefficient increased by 3.35% to 7.18% for both the aiding and opposing flow zones with the incorporation of a 1% nanoparticle volume fraction. Incorporating the Eckert number resulted in a consistent drop in heat transfer efficiency, from 7.27% to 10.24%. Aggregation of nanoparticles increases the magnitude of velocity and the temperature distribution, as shown by the model of aggregation. The augmentation of the A values is widely acknowledged as a strategy to prolong the initiation of entropy; however, on the contrary, the elevation of the Bejan number helps to expedite it. It has been empirically shown that increasing the ϕ value has a beneficial effect on both the entropy inception field and the Bejan number. An increase in the Brinkman number leads to an acceleration in the rate of entropy generation, concomitantly resulting in a decrease in the Bejan number. The suggested numerical model is validated by comparing it to existing findings that have been made public.